Wild plants have been produced and distributed as food and commodities since ancient times in Northeast Asia and neighbouring areas. This chapter discusses the sustainable utilization and distribution of wild plants as food and commodities in Northeast Asia, focusing in particular on Japan. In parallel with this development, mutual exchange of wild plants has increased, particularly between Japan and China, Korea, and Russia. This chapter aims to elucidate the contemporary utilization of wild plants throughout Japan. How have wild plants been managed and used as foods by the local people? Who played key roles in exchange: traders, merchants, or ordinary people? What social changes in the community have occurred after introduction of new wild plants? Various cases in Japan are presented to cover these topics.