000			02662nab a2200349 4500
001			MUSEF-HEM-PPE-091734
003			BO-LP-MUSEF
005			20240405104717.0
008			240404b2018 ja ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
040			_aBO-LpMNE
041			_aeng
092			_sE _aSEN-ETH-S(99)/2018
100	1		_aPaksi, Attila
245			_aSocio-economic Impacts of a National Park on Local Indigenous Livelihoods: The case of the Bwabwata National Park in Namibia. _cAttila Paksi
260			_aOsaka-JP : _bNational Museum Ethnology, _c2018.
300			_apáginas 197-214: _bilustraciones blanco y negro.
310			_aIrregular
362			_ano. 99 (2018)
490			_aSenri Ethnological Studies ; _vno. 99
520			_aCommunity Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) is a conservation model that, contrary to the conventional top-down protected area management approach, aims to merge biodiversity conservation with community livelihoods. That said, the actual contribution of CBNRM to local livelihoods remains contested. Using a Sustainable Livelihoods Framework to analyse empirical data from the East Bwabwata National Park (BNP East) in Namibia, we assess the contribution of CBNRM to rural income development relative to other revenue sources. We identify four main livelihood strategies related to income: (1) formal employment, (2) seasonal employment, (3) occasional cash income, and (4) social safety nets. Our results indicate that the largest income contribution to residents of BNP East comes from non-CBNRM-based formal employment (45.06%) followed by social safety-net benefits (33.83%). CBNRM-related income accounts for less than a quarter (21.11%) of annual household incomes, whilst also displaying the highest vulnerability. We advocate for a greater diversification of income sources, including that from CBNRM. In order to ensure socio-ecological justice and sustainability of both livelihoods and the local natural resource base, we conclude by emphasizing the need to ground the CBNRM model in its core principle of community control over decision-making processes that impact the local environment.
653			_aGESTION DE RECURSOS NATURALES
653			_aMEDIO AMBIENTE
653			_aBIODIVERSIDAD
653			_aSUDAFRICA
700			_aPyhälä, Aili
773	0		_0304605 _978054 _aNational Museum of Ethnology _dOsaka-JP : National Museum Ethnology, 2018. _oHEMREV035338 _tSenri Ethnological Studies ; _w(BO-LP-MUSEF)MUSEF-HEM-PPE-091724
810			_aNational Museum of Ethnology Osaka.
850			_aBO-LpMNE
866			_a1
942			_2ddc _cPPE _dCON _j011
999			_c304624