000			02808nab a2200325 4500
001			MUSEF-HEM-PPE-091736
003			BO-LP-MUSEF
005			20240405113539.0
008			240404b2018 ja ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
040			_aBO-LpMNE
041			_aeng
092			_sE _aSEN-ETH-S(99)/2018
100	1		_aKoot, Stasja
245			_aThe bushman Brand in Southern African Tourism: An Indigenous Modernity in a Neoliberal Political Economy. _cStasja Koot
260			_aOsaka-JP : _bNational Museum Ethnology, _c2018.
300			_apáginas 231-250: _bilustraciones blanco y negro.
310			_aIrregular
362			_ano. 99 (2018)
490			_aSenri Ethnological Studies ; _vno. 99
520			_aMany scholars have explained that the primordial image of Bushmen, in which they are represented as the 'authentic indigenous people of nature, is a significant construct that contributes to their contemporary marginalised status. This image continues in the post-independence and post-apartheid contexts of South African and Namibian tourism. In this industry, the Bushman image tends to be fortified in the context of a broader neoliberal political economy. This fortification has consequently created a setting in which images are commodified more than ever before, although this is of course the result of a longer historical process. This chapter explores how the image of the Bushmen has changed throughout history, where it stands today in tourism, and what the consequences of this are. The Bushman image is demonstrated to have become a brand, the 'Bushman brand", suited mostly to Western ideas about who these people are. Today, Bushmen show a strong dependence upon market forces if they wish to work in tourism, where they are compelled to invent and reinvent their traditions based on tourists' expectations. This process creates an uncomfortable contradiction for those working in or supporting tourism: using the Bushman brand to adapt to the demands of tourism simultaneously makes this a product, which is generally considered 'inauthentic'. However, although at first this might sound like an exploitative situation in which the Bushmen are victims of more powerful forces in the market, the author argues that in some cases the Bushman brand can provide for their agency, to be used strategically as a so-called indigenous
653			_aCOMUNIDADES INDIGENAS
653			_aTURISMO
653			_aTURISMO COMUNITARIO
773	0		_0304605 _978054 _aNational Museum of Ethnology _dOsaka-JP : National Museum Ethnology, 2018. _oHEMREV035338 _tSenri Ethnological Studies ; _w(BO-LP-MUSEF)MUSEF-HEM-PPE-091724
810			_aNational Museum of Ethnology Osaka.
850			_aBO-LpMNE
866			_a1
942			_2ddc _cPPE _dCON _j011
999			_c304628